AMAZING FACTS ABOUT PCOS

                     AMAZING  FACTS  ABOUT  PCOS 

The most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting female reproductive systems globally is a polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).  Stein and Leventhal explained it in 1935. Depending on the diagnostic standards used, the prevalence varies from 5% to 15%. PCOS is a long-standing condition that resulted from ancestral gene variants that were chosen during the Paleolithic Era and kept alive for the past 10,000 years after the appearance of Neolithic society.

Now, as obesity becomes a major issue globally, a new evaluation of the evidence forecasts that more and more women may get PCOS. In addition to aggravating other PCOS symptoms like infertility and insulin resistance, obesity can be a marker of the condition.

The majority of female endocrine disorders, including PCOS, afflict 4–18% of reproductive-age women.  The prevalence of PCOS in South Asian women, especially in Pakistani women, is much higher (52%) as compared to the white population (20 - 25% in the UK).

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is basically not a disease of the ovary. It is the name of a condition that can cause serious problems for young girls and women,

Women suffering from this syndrome experience 

1. irregular periods, 

2. coarse and unwanted hair on the face and body, 

3. pimples on the skin, 

4. thinning or falling of hair, 

5. weight gain and difficulty losing weight 

6.  uterine tumors. 

7. Symptoms like infertility are common.

 If teenage girls start to develop fat around the abdomen, they should be alert because it can also be the reason for increasing the amount of insulin in the body, which leads to PCOS. 

Darkening of the neck and armpit skin is also one of the symptoms of PCOS.'

According to experts, delay or irregularity in menstruation or periods due to PCOS is a major obstacle in the process of pregnancy for women and even if the pregnancy is sustained with the help of medication, there is a risk of miscarriage.

According to the medical department, hormonal imbalance in women causes polycystic ovary syndrome, 25% of women in Pakistan suffer from PCOS. Symptoms of PCOS include psychological problems, depression, anxiety, infertility, unwanted facial hair growth, and obesity, among other ailments.

Not only this, but PCOS increases the risk of short and long-term health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and, high blood pressure, as well as psychological and other problems such as depression, anxiety, and Sexual dysfunction, which are also among its consequences.

PCOS Polycystic Ovary Syndrome' is basically not a disease of the ovary. It is the name of a condition that can cause serious problems for young girls and women,

Women suffering from this syndrome experience 

1. Irregular periods, 

2. Coarse and unwanted hair on the face and body, 

3. Pimples on the skin, 

4.Thinning or falling of hair, 

5.Weight gain and difficulty losing weight 

6. Uterine tumors. 

7. Symptoms like infertility are common.

 If teenage girls start to develop fat around the abdomen, they should be alert because it can also be the reason for increasing the amount of insulin in the body, which leads to PCOS. Darkening of the neck and armpit skin is also one of the symptoms of PCOS.'

According to experts, delay or irregularity in menstruation or periods due to PCOS is a major obstacle in the process of pregnancy for women and even if the pregnancy is sustained with the help of medication, there is a risk of miscarriage.

According to the medical department, hormonal imbalance in women causes polycystic ovary syndrome, 25% of women in Pakistan suffer from PCOS. Symptoms of PCOS include psychological problems, depression, anxiety, infertility, unwanted facial hair growth, and obesity, among other ailments. PCOS affects one in every 10 women who reach puberty. According to gynecologists and obstetricians, it is quite common and increasing. But there is no need to worry about it as it is a treatable disorder. 

Not only this, but PCOS increases the risk of short and long-term health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure, as well as psychological and other problems such as depression, anxiety, and Sexual dysfunction, which are also among its consequences.

Due to PCOS, besides other serious problems, women's hair also begins to fall. Diagnosed with the help of ultrasound, this condition can be controlled by eating a healthy diet.

those girls should be tested for ovary during the age of 16 to 18 years because during this time the diagnosis of this condition will be easy and it can be controlled to a great extent by losing weight.

CAUSES: Polycystic ovary syndrome simply means certain things or specific symptoms that doctors see as a group. So women should not stress that they have a disease, it is just a classification made up of various factors. Although doctors do not know exactly what causes PCOS because it is a multifactorial condition, meaning there are many symptoms that contribute to a PCOS diagnosis. Most women's health experts believe that several factors, including 1. Genetics, play a role. 2. Some of these factors include imbalances in reproductive and metabolic hormones. 3. Androgens may be at higher than normal levels in people with PCOS. Although all women have androgen levels, those with high levels may experience complications. For example, this imbalance can cause problems in the uterus. And with PCOS, one's ovaries may not develop as they should. There are thousands of hormones in the body, but PCOS is particularly affected by the menstrual cycle because menstruation is also based on hormonal fluctuations—higher than normal androgen levels can lead to irregular periods. . This can cause abnormal growth of ducts (small, fluid-filled sacs) on the ovaries. 4.In addition to high androgen levels, people with PCOS may have insulin resistance—meaning their bodies become unable to break down sugar effectively. This can lead to various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol and ovarian cancer. DIAGNOSIS: When it comes to determining whether or not PCOS is present, doctors look to the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis. According to these criteria, the patient must have two of the three symptoms. 1. The first criterion is menstrual irregularity, 2. the second symptom is acne or unwanted hair, which means abnormal hair growth on your chin, face, chest, back, or abdomen, and 3. the third is ovulation during the ultrasound, having a cyst visible. The gold standard to diagnose PCOD is ultrasound and the pelvic ultrasound which has to be done by the transvaginal root and once this shows the multiple immature follicles which are diagnostic of PCOD. MISCONCEPTION: A common misconception associated with PCOS is that any woman who has ovarian cysts has PCOS. This is not true, because in fact, every ovary has a cyst but it is not always a cause for concern. When it comes to PCOS, gynecological problems increase due to period problems and stop ovulation, which leads to many cysts on the ovaries. On ultrasound, all cysts look almost like a necklace of pearls around the edge of the ovary. One thing to be aware of is that many teenagers can have polycystic-looking ovaries and not suffer from PCOS. They are very hormonally active at this time, so their ovaries really grow and there are lots of eggs. This is why it is important to refer to the Rotterdam criteria, and not to base assumptions or diagnosis of PCOS on one symptom alone. the best treatment for polycystic ovarian. Clomifene is frequently recommended as the first course of treatment for PCOS-affected women who are trying to conceive. Clomifene promotes the monthly release of an egg from the ovaries (ovulation). Metformin may be recommended as a backup medication if clomifene fails to stimulate ovulation. We today know the “polycystic ovary syndrome” (also known as a polycystic ovarian syndrome) or PCOS, previously known as the “polycystic ovary disease” (PCOD), and even before that as the “Stein-Leventhal syndrome.” PCOD is a condition in which the ovaries produce a large number of immature or partially mature eggs as a result of poor lifestyle, obesity, stress, and hormonal imbalance. PCOS is a metabolic disorder that can cause anovulation, in which the ovaries stop producing eggs. PCOD is a condition that is due to hormonal imbalance. characterized by ovulation or disturbed ovulation and usually .The patient's ultrasound shows multiple follicles which are immature follicles on both sides. Hormonal changes leading to a disturbed menstrual cycle PCOD is a less severe form in which sometimes ovulation occurs and patients do not have so much of complications further on in life. Whereas PCOS is a more severe form of the same problem, that is PCOD and in that, you have absolute anovulation. Very severe hormonal changes more of excessive male hormones that is high androgen levels and due to these hormonal imbalances further on in life. Patients develop lifestyle disorders like they have a tendency generally to develop diabetes mellitus till they by the age of 40 and leading to cardiac disorders, and even endometrial cancers and later on in life. TREATMENT: Patients are advised hormonal profile and based on the hormonal profile their treatment is started as the basic treatment. 1. the first thing which is explained to everyone is that their lifestyle has to be modified weight gain. if their weight control is extremely important maintaining an ideal weight with the help of diet exercise rest and proper sleep is very very very important. 2. secondly we move to the treatment part by medication the most important medicine in this is depending on the lab reports of hormones in which there is a lack of progesterone and excessive estrogen most commonly. Patients have been prescribed hormonal therapy cyclical therapy which is in the form of birth control pills that help to regularize the hormonal levels brings down. The androgen levels bring down the raises progesterone levels leading to a comfortable weight loss also. So it benefits the patients in two ways it regularizes their cycle and it helps in weight loss also. 3. Then there are some patients who are more eager to conceive. For these kinds of patients, we also give ovulation bring induction pills. Sometimes with these ovulation induction pills, the patients conceive in the very first cycle also. Because the main problem is that ovulation is not occurring. Based on the lab reports if the patients are insulin resistance resistant then oral metformin really helps with these patients but it the oral metformin has to be given in a lower dose than what is given to diabetics and with oral metformin. Patients do lose weight and respond in a very good manner but everything has to be decided only based on the lab reports. If the patient is not willing to go in for hormonal therapy. we do use Myo-inositol and chiro-inositol combination which also helps in proper ovulation. This is the non-hormonal therapy also but it has to be continued for three to six months to prove good results. For the excessive hair growth for which the girls are quite concerned, we do prescribe e-floor methane cream which helps in the control of the excessive hair growth and they have to go in for other hair removal methods.

Complications of PCOS and PCOD: 1. The most common complication arising due to PCOS is the inability to conceive because PCOD is basically patients don't ovulate. They don't conceive easily and this usually occurs in the marriageable age group. in the younger age group so the most common problem they face is the inability to conceive. 2. The second commonest issue which people face is the inability to lose weight and excessive weight gain. That is one of the common reasons by which patients come with disturbed periods, hair fall.